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On the road to equality : gender, transport and economic empowerment in India

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This paper examines the multifaceted challenges women face in accessing safe and equitable employment opportunities within the Indian transport sector. The findings underscore the low participation of women in the transport workforce, attributing it to persistent societal biases, safety concerns stemming from harassment and violence on public transport, and a lack of decent working conditions. These conditions include the absence of formal contracts, paid leave, social security benefits, and even basic facilities like clean restrooms. Despite these challenges, the sources identify various government policies and initiatives that strive to improve women's access to transport sector jobs by relaxing eligibility criteria, offering training, and enhancing security measures. However, the sources also acknowledge the limitations of existing programs, advocating for more comprehensive efforts that address deeply ingrained social norms that discourage women's participation in non-traditional roles. This abstract concludes by emphasizing the importance of continued research, policy interventions, and advocacy to promote gender equality and create a safer, more inclusive environment for women in the Indian transport sector. To build the evidence base for this study, a range of stakeholders have been interviewed, ranging from transport officials to women workers from the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation, the Delhi Transport Corporation, and the Azad Foundation, among others. Case studies have also been collected from across India, including Bangalore, Karnataka, Kerala, Hyderabad, Jharkhand, Punjab, Odisha, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu.