This report examines the demographic, health, psychological, familial, economic and social-welfare dimensions of population ageing in the Republic of Korea. It combines census and administrative data with a sample survey of older persons and their resident care providers to assess living arrangements, income, employment, health, daily activities, housing, family support and attitudes towards ageing. The study finds that declining fertility and increasing life expectancy were rapidly changing the country’s age structure and creating needs that could no longer be addressed exclusively through traditional family-support systems. It evaluates legislation, pensions, medical insurance, welfare facilities, administrative arrangements, non-governmental organizations, employer involvement, professional training and research concerning older persons. The report recommends coordinated long-term policies that strengthen income security, health care, housing, community services, family support, social participation, trained personnel and systematic research on population ageing